Copyright © 2002 NLThomas
All Rights Reserved

**REGIONAL INFORMATION & SITES

• Welcome to the U.S. National Parks Net "This site is dedicated to providing information on all U.S. National Parks It is our intent to provide information that will be timely and of assistance in planning a trip, vacation or obtaining data about a park."

• National Park Service Archeology & Ethnography Program "Ancient Architects of the Mississippi" The National Park Service is steward of a diverse cultural legacy. From the cliff dwellings of the Southwest to the reminiscences of neighborhood residents where Martin Luther King, Jr. grew up, this legacy represents a continuum of American heritage–its places, objects, and traditions. The NPS archeology and ethnography program provides national leadership, coordination, and technical guidance to aid in preserving this heritage.

• Wisconsin Electronic Reader "A cooperative digital imaging project of the University of Wisconsin-Madison General Library System and the State Historical Society of Wisconsin."
  • Story: Indians of Wisconsin ~ Black Hawk
  • Indian Gallery ~ Indian Mounds Gallery

• Outline of Prehistory and History "In the Southeastern U.S. and Caribbean Culture Area with Reference to Relevant National Park Units in the Southeast Region."

• Southwest Parks, Deserts, Forests, Mountains
  • NPSW ~ Results Keyword Search: Indian
    National Parks Guides with Maps and Photos.
  • Arizona's Indian Past Hiking Guide with Pictures and Maps
    Arizona National Parks Guides

• Hutchison Research Center James Hutchison Archaeology of Missouri
• Site Index ~*~ Amerindian Civilizations
  • Who were the Mound Builders?
  • Mound-Builders and Romantic American "History"
  • The Paleo, Archaic, Woodland and Mississippian Periods
  • The Mastodon and other megatherms hunted by the early Amerindians.
  • The Adena/Hopewell Culture
  • Mound Culture Figurines and Images
  • Wood Henge of the Cahokia Site
  • Dark and Bloody Ground "Mythology that surrounded the area once occupied by Mississippian cultures before and after Columbus."

• Mystery of the Mound Matrix Archaeological Survey Report, Prepared by Ronald J. Pastore - Director Cave Springs Foundation, Inc. "Evidence suggests mound builders of North American placed Temples at locations that form an interlocking grid matrix producing geometric patterns in the shape of five pointed stars."

**ALABAMA SITES

• Oakville Indian Mounds Museum & Park Located on County Road, in Lawrence County in Danville, Alabama "View the historical marker erected 1999 by the Lawrence County Historical Commission, under the auspices of President Virginia Walker and Board Chairman Ben Lee."

• Online Highways ~ Visit Historical Eras, Online Highways' interactive American History project. A team of researchers is developing site that will present U.S. history in the context of present day travel.
  • Oakville Indian Mounds Museum ~ Danville Alabama "Lawrence County is home to Alabama's greatest Indian population. The Oakville Indian Mounds Park and Museum is a tribute to them and their ancestors. The historical site features a Copena burial mound, named for the copper and galena metals used by Indians of the period, and a 1.8-acre ceremonial mound believed to be the cultural center of the area's Woodland Indians. The 8500 square feet museum, patterned after a Cherokee council house, has over 1000 artifacts, mostly from the surrounding area. The centerpiece of the museum is a 14 feet high statue of Sequoyah, who created the Cherokee alphabet. The park's annual Indian festival, in May of each year, offers an exciting panorama of Southeastern Native American culture, history and art."
  • Shell Mound Park ~ Dauphin Island Alabama
  • Indian Mound and Museum ~ Florence, Alabama "This is one of the largest domiciliary Indian mounds in the Tennessee Valley. The pre-Columbian mound measures 43 feet high with a summit that is 145 feet by 94 feet."
  • Chattahoochee Indian Heritage Center ~ Fort Mitchell, Alabama "Located in Fort Mitchell County Park, this center details the culture and history of the Indians who inhabited the valley."

• Welcome to Moundville Archaeological Park ~*~ Maps, Tours, and Directions
  "Experience the wonder of this Mississippian Native American city."
  Moundville Alabama is located 14 miles south of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, on
  Highway 69 South. From Highway I-20/59 take exit 71A and proceed 13 miles
  south. The park entrance will be located on your right on Highway 69.)
  P.O. Box 66 ~ Moundville, AL 35111 ~ 205-371-2572 (Park open all year.)
  • Indian Village at Moundville Archaeological Park
    Provides an opportunity to look into the past
    lifeways of the prehistoric Mississippian people.
  • Moundville Programs and Events
  • The Moundville Native American Festival
    "A celebration of Southeastern Indian life and culture."

• INUSA Tour Guide: Moundville Archaeological Park ~*~ Moundville, Alabama
  Moundville Archaeological Park overlooks the Black Warrior River. A National Historic
  Landmark, the 320-acre park preserves 26 pre-historic, Mississippian-era Indian mounds.

• Welcome to Horse Pens 40 'The South's Best Kept Secret' "Nestled in the Appalachian foothills near Steele, Alabama, is a natural wonder called Horse Pens 40. Natures hand has magically created a site that boasts majestic rock formations and impresive mountaintop vistas among acres of pristine forested woods, an area rich in history dating back to times when native American Indians laid claim to Alabama."

**ALASKA SITES

• Everything Alaska 'Your On-Line Source For All Things Alaskan'
  • Aurora Borealis'No description can describe the splendor or the magnificence of the natural phenomenon known as the Northern Lights or Aurora Borealis. The Northern lights have been described in ancient times by the Eskimos, American Indians, world explorers and even mentioned in the Old Testament."
  • Totem Bight State Park, Ketchikan Alaska "A Tlingit myth tells that the people were inspired to carve totem poles after finding a carved log washed up on the beach. The Haida tell of a master carver who created a house front and several poles overnight and then taught the villagers how to carve.

• The National Park Service~Prehistory of Alaska "There are 15 National Parks and Preserves in Alaska."

**ARIZONA SITES

• Virtual Tour of Canyon de Chelly National Monument ~ Arizona
  "The name De Chelly is a Spanish corruption of the Navajo word "Tsegi," which means roughly "rock canyon. These awesome canyons sheltered prehistoric Pueblo Indians for 1,000 years and served as an ancestral stronghold of the Navajo Indians." Courtesy of Rednations.com, developed, owned and operated by Alvino "Vino" Sam

• The Roosevelt Platform Mound Study "An eight-year archaeological project conducted in the vicinity of Theodore Roosevelt Lake, Tonto Basin, Arizona. The research was carried out by the ASU Department of Anthropology, Office of Cultural Resource Management for the Bureau of Reclamation under a permit from the Tonto National Forest..
• Virtual Museum of Archaeology
  • Welcome to a tour of some sites from the Roosevelt Platform Mound Study.
  • First Stop: The Cline Terrace Complex * The Rock Island Complex
    The Pinto Creek Complex * ASU FIeld Lab

• Rainbow Bridge National Monument "Rainbow Bridge is the world's largest natural bridge. The span has undoubtedly inspired people throughout time--from the neighboring American Indian tribes who consider Rainbow Bridge sacred, to the 300,000 people from around the world who visit it each year. Please visit Rainbow Bridge in a spirit that honors and respects the cultures to whom it is sacred. While Rainbow Bridge is a separate unit of the National Park Service, it is proximate to and administered by Glen Canyon National Recreation Area. For additional information about services and facilities connected with Rainbow Bridge, visit Glen Canyon NRA's Home Page."
  • "To Native American Indian Nations, Rainbow Bridge is sacred. Please respect these long-standing beliefs. We request your voluntary compliance in not approaching or walking under Rainbow Bridge. For more background on this subject, please visit 'A New Day-Changes at Rainbow Bridge'."

**ARKANSAS SITES

• The Center for Advanced Spatial Technologies CAST was established at the University of Arkansas in September of 1991.
  • Ancient Monuments in Arkansas ~*~ The Mound Builders
  • Toltec Mounds "Toltec Mounds Archeological State Park is located just thirty minutes from downtown Little Rock in the midst of the Arkansas River Valley farmlands. This traditional Woodland to Mississippian site was occupied from approximately A.D. 700-950."

• Toltec Mounds State Park Arkansas State Parks "Toltec Mounds is one of the largest and most complex sites in the Lower Mississippi Valley."

• Rock Art In Arkansas "Arkansas possesses one of the richest concentrations of rock art in eastern North America. Human, animal, geometric, and abstract motifs are rendered in carved and pecked (petroglyph), painted (pictograph), and combination styles. These images provide fascinating glimpses of the world as viewed by Arkansas' former inhabitants." Just for Kids - Series of short stories!

**CALIFORNIA SITES

• Santa Monica Mountains 'National Recreational Area' "For many years the Santa Monica Mountains sustained the Chumash and Gabrielino/Tongva cultures. Sycamore Canyon, which cuts through Rancho Sierra Vista/Satwiwa and Point Mugu State Park, was part of a Chumash trade route. Satwiwa, which means "the bluffs", was the name of a nearby Chumash village. To reflect this heritage, a portion of Rancho Sierra Vista/Satwiwa is the Satwiwa Native American Indian Natural Area. The National Park Service, in cooperation with the Friends of Satwiwa (FOS), and UCLA have designed a culture center. A Native American Indian guest host or an NPS ranger is on hand to answer questions on Sundays from 10am to 5pm." Rancho Sierra Vista

**FLORIDA SITES

• Lake Jackson Mounds State Archaeological Site, Florida "The site was once a large ceremonial center dating back to the Fort Walton period of Florida's history (1000 A.D.-1450 A.D.). Recent studies contributed greatly to increasing our understanding of the Indians of that period."

**GEORGIA SITES

• Ocmulgee National Monument ~ Macon, Georgia "The Monument today consists of two units separated by two miles of riverine wetlands along the Ocmulgee River. The Main Unit is adjacent to the city of Macon, an urban area with a population of 118,000. The isolated Lamar Mounds and Village Unit can be visited by special permit."
  • ONM Calendar of Events

• Georgia State Parks & Historic Sites
  • Kolomoki Mounds Historic Park, Chatsworth, GA
    • Stolen Native American Artifacts
      "Thought to be in Florida or Georgia."
  • Etowah Indian Mounds Historic Site Cartersville, GA
  • Chief Vann House Historic Site, Chatsworth, GA
  • New Echota Historic Site Calhoun, GA

• Kolomoki Mounds State Historic Park Blakely, GA "Kolomoki Mounds State Historic Park is an important archaeological site as well as a scenic recreational area. The seven earthen mounds within the park were built between 200 and 600 AD by the Swift Creek and Weeden Island Indians."
  • Stolen Pottery ~ Have you seen our pottery?

• Etowah Mounds Archaeological Area "...and museum offers visitors a view of a society rich in ritual and artifacts." Bartow, County - Cartersville, North Georgia
  • The Pre-Historic Moundbuilders
  • Moundbuilders links and resources

• North Georgia Magazine ~ North Georgia Historical Sites
  • Etowah Indian Mounds - State Historic Site "Visit the fortified ceremonial center that was the home to several thousand Indians more than 400 years ago. See the mounds, the largest standing 63 feet tall and covering three acres. Visit the museum where artifacts and exhibits help interpret daily life in this once self-sufficient Indian community." Cartersville, GA
  • The Nacoochee Valley Indian Mound - White County "The Nacoochee Mound is a burial site, the graves were probability placed there long before the Cherokee Tribe inhabited the area."
  • Chief Vann House - State Historic Site "Called the "Showplace of the Cherokee Nation," this two-story classic brick mansion was built by Chief James Vann in 1804. Decorated with beautiful Cherokee hand carvings done in natural colors of blue, red, green and yellow, the home features a cantilevered stairway and many fine antiques."

**ILLINOIS SITES

• Dickson Mounds State Museum "Located in a rural area of West Central Illinois, near the Illinois River between the towns of Lewistown and Havana. It is 200 miles southwest of Chicago, 45 miles southwest of Peoria, and 60 miles northwest of Springfield." (Site of 800-year-old burial mounds. Across the Illinois River in Fulton County. Rockwell Mound is the second largest Indian mound in the Midwest dates back 2,000 years Rockwell Park, Havana.) Dickson Mounds, Myer-Dickson Site, Eveland Village Site, The Ogden-Fettie Site, The Larson Site, The Rockwell Mound

• Cahokia Mound Site 'Ancient Topography' Illinois State Museum "The Cahokia site is located in Collinsville, Illinois, and represents the most sophisticated prehistoric Native American society north of Mexico."

• Illinois Historic Preservation Agency (IHPA) ~ Historic Sites
  • Cahokia Mounds Historic Site, Collinsville, Illinois "Cahokia (translated "wild geese") derives its name from the Cahokia Indian tribe, who were members of the Illini Confederation. With their close relatives, the Tamaroas, the tribes inhabited a wooded strip of land near the Mississippi River. They gathered there in the summer for their councils, and in the winter they ranged the prairies on hunts. An early missionary at Cahokia recorded the size of the Indian village as ninety "cabins," probably lodges that housed extended families."
  • Black Hawk Site, Rock Island, Illinois "The Black Hawk site was first occupied by Indians as long as 12,000 years ago, and it was continuously inhabited through the Hopewell period, ca. 100 B.C. to A.D. 250. Villagers lived within the bounds of the present historic site, and they built burial mounds along the bluffs above the river. Unfortunately, the mounds have been destroyed."

• SIUE Cahokia Mounds Web Site ~ Collinsville, Illinois "Brought to you by Contract Archaeology of Southern Illinois University Edwardsville. This site's purpose is to become the definitive source and repository of on-line information, virtual reality, photo albums, and discussion regarding the prehistoric Mississippian cultural center at Illinois' Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site."

• Cahokia Mounds ~ Collinsville, Illinois "Historical indian city with interpretive center."
• Official Site for Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site Collinsville, Illinois "Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site, administered by the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency, is just eight miles from downtown St. Louis (Missouri) near Collinsville, Illinois, off Interstates 55-70 and 255, and Illinois 111, on Collinsville road. It is open Wednesday through Sunday free of charge, although a donation of $2 for adults and $1 for children is suggested."

**INDIANA SITES

• Angel Mounds State Historic Site "For over a thousand years, Southwestern Indiana was home to many Native Americans. Today, Angel Mounds State Historic Site is nationally recognized as one of the best preserved prehistoric Native American sites in the United States."
  • Friends of the Angel Mounds W. Brooks Martin, Executive Director "Friends of Angel Mounds is a not-for-profit, community organization created to promote development of and interest in Angel Mounds State Historic Site as an educational and historical facility."

• Angel Mounds ~ State Historic Site "Five to seven hundred years ago, the area we now call Angel Mounds State Historic Site was a thriving Mississippian Indian town. Built between A.D. 1100 and 1300, the town was occupied by one thousand to three thousand inhabitants until its abandonment around 1450." Evansville, Indiana

**IOWA SITES

• NPS ~ Effigy Mounds National Monument
  Located near Harpers Ferry, Iowa
  • About the monument ~ Online Tours ~ What's New
  • Online Teachers' Guide

• Effigy Mounds National Monument "Established to preserve the earth mounds found in northeastern Iowa. Within the monument's borders are 191 known prehistoric mounds, 29 in the form of bear and bird effigies and the remainder conical or linear shaped. Located five miles north of McGregor and three miles north of Marquette, Iowa on Iowa State Highway 76."

• Effigy Mounds National Monument ~ EMNM History of the Area
  151 Hwy 76 Harpers Ferry, IA 52146 319-873-3491

• MWAC - Where to see archeology in Iowa. 1. Effigy Mounds National Monument.
  2. Blood Run National Historic Landmark.
  3. Toolesboro Indian Mounds National Historic Landmark.

• Toolesboro Indian Mounds National Historic Landmark "The site of several ceremonial burial mounds of the Hopewell Indian culture of 200 B.C. to 400 A.D." Toolesboro, near Wapello, Iowa

**KENTUCKY SITES

• Cherokee Trail Of Tears Park 'Located In Hopkinsville. KY' "This historic park is one of the few documented sites of actual trail and campsites used during the forced removal of the Cherokee people to "Indian Territory". It was used as an encampment in 1838 and 1839. This park is the burial site for two Cherokee Chiefs who died during the removal - Fly Smith and Whitepath. This long, cruel relocation has become known as the "Trail Of Tears" and by Native Americans as "The Trail Where They Cried". Every year on the first full weekend of September, the Trail Of Tears Commission sponsors an intertribal Pow Wow at the park."

• Kentucky Heritage Council "The mandate of the Kentucky Heritage Council
  is to identify, preserve, and protect the cultural resources of Kentucky."
  • Native American Heritage Commission
  • Kentucky Archaeological Survey "The Survey's mission is to provide a service to other state agencies, to work with private landowners to protect archaeological sites, and to educate the public about Kentucky's rich archaeological heritage."
  • How Much Do You Know About Kentucky's Native People?

• Wickliffe Mounds Research Center "Kentucky site offers tours of these historic aboriginal mounds and the excavations associated with them. Wickliffe Mounds Research Center is located at 94 Green Street, Highway 51/60/62 in Wickliffe, Kentucky."

• Mammoth Cave National Park ~*~ Archaeology at Mammoth Cave 'Paleoindians ' "Over 12,000 years ago, when huge sheets of thick glacial ice covered large portions of the North American continent, small nomadic groups of people wandered over the Kentucky landscape. Today, archeologists refer to these early American people as PaleoIndians, which means "ancient Indians." However, we know very little about them."

• Essential Features of Adena Ritual "University of Kentucky's R. Berle Clay presents an archeological perspective on Adena ritual. Includes a section about burial mounds." Fayette County, Kentucky

**MINNESOTA SITES

• Pipestone National Monument "...is located in Pipestone, MN, near the South Dakota border. Within the monument, there are pipestone (Catlinite) quarries, native tallgrass prairie, quartzite bluffs, and a creek with a waterfall. The first act to establish the monument was approved on August 25, 1937 with approximately 116 acres of land."
  Pipestone Indian Shrine Association "Operates as a cooperating association which provides personnel to perform cultural demonstrations of pipemaking, as well as small craft and beadworking. This craftwork and select books are sold within the cultural center."

• Midwest Archeological Center "Where to see archeology in Minnesota"
  • Grand Mound On Minn. Hwy. 11, 17 miles west of International Falls.
  • Jeffers Petroglyphs Cottonwood County, Minnesota
  • Pipestone National Monument Pipestone, MN, near the South Dakota border.
  • Grand Portage National Monument Grand Portage, Minnesota

• Minnesota Historical Society St. Paul Minnesota
  • Memories Made Here ~ Visit our State Historic Sites!
    • Grand Mound Historic Site International Falls, Minnesota
    • Lower Sioux Agency Historic Site Morton, Minnesota
    • Jeffers Petroglyphs Historic Site Comfrey, Minnesota
    • Split Rock Lighthouse Historic Site Two Harbors, Minnesota

**MISSISSIPPI SITES

• The Grand Village of the Natchez Indians "A National Historic Landmark administered by the Mississippi Department of Archives and History in Natchez, Mississippi. The site was the main ceremonial mound center for the Natchez Indian tribe during the French colonial period in the Natchez area (1682 - 1730). Today, the Natchez Indians are known through archaeology and through the wealth of colonial documents written by French priests, explorers, merchants, and military personnel."

**MONTANA SITES

• Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument "Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument is the site of the June 25, 1876 battle between the U.S. Army's seventh cavalry and several bands of Lakota Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho." (Exit 510 I-90 and Highway 212, Crow Agency, Montana.)
  • Little Bighorn Battlefield Indian Memorial

• Chief Plenty Coups' Park ~ Pryor, Montana "Provides interpretation of Plenty Coups' life and the Crow Tribe's history. Park Includes Plenty Coups' home, store, tipi, modern museum, and grounds for walking and picnicking."
  • Chief Plenty Coups Historical Archive Photo Collection

• Chief Plenty Coups State Park 'Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks' "Situated within the Crow Reservation in south central Montana, this park was the home of Plenty Coups, last chief of the Crow,. Plenty Coups' log home and store remain as evidence of the chief's efforts to lead his people in adopting the lifestyle of the white man. "

**NEW HAMPSHIRE SITES

• America's Stonehenge 'A 4 Season Adventure In Eco Archaeology' "What is America's Stonehenge? America's Stonehenge is a 4000 year old megalithic (stone constructed) site located on Mystery Hill in Salem NH, and presently serves as a leisurely, educational tour for the whole family. The complex is a series of stone walls containing large, shaped standing stones, which covers well over 30 acres. Through several independent surveys by qualified researchers, it has been determined that the site is an accurate, astronomically aligned calendar. It was, and still can be, used to determine specific solar and lunar events." (Located in Salem New Hampshire.)

**NEW MEXICO SITES

• Petroglyph National Monument "In June of 1990, the National Park Service Established Petroglyph National Monument for the preservation of cultural and national resources. Over seventy-one hundred acres in size, the Monument extends from Piedras Marcadadas Canyon in the north to Mesa Prieta in the south; and from the volcanoes in the west to the escarpment edge in the east." Albuquerque, New Mexico
  • Petroglyph Photo Gallery ~*~ Help Save the Petroglyphs!

**NORTH CAROLINA

• Cades Cove "Prior to 1819, Cades Cove was part of the Cherokee Nation. The Cherokee called the cove Tsiyahi, "place of the river otter." In addition to river otters, elk and eastern bison lived in the Cove."
  • Cades Cove Opportunities Plan Home Page Looking Back ~ Moving Forward
    "The Cove was likely named for Chief Kade, of the Cherokee. Native Americans roamed the fertile valley in search of the abundant wildlife."

**OKLAHOMA SITES

• Spiro Mounds Archaeological Park ~ Spiro Library "Spiro Mounds, Oklahoma’s only archaeological park, is a 140-acre site encompassing 12 southern mounds which contain evidence of an Indian culture that occupied the site from 850 A.D. to 1450 A.D. The Mounds are considered one of the four most important prehistoric Indian sites east of the Rocky Mountains."

• Spiro Mounds Archaeological Center
  c/o Dennis Peterson, curator
  Route 2, Box 339AA Spiro, OK 74959-9625
  Phone: 9l8-962-2062 ~ Email: spiromds@ipa.net

**OHIO SITES

• Ohio Historical Society ~*~ Contact Gary Ness
  Director of the Ohio Historical Society
  Kids * OHS Marketplace: VHS Video Tapes * Art & Artifacts * Books
  • Indians, Historic * Indians, Prehistoric * Great Circle Earthworks
    [Formerly known as Moundbuilders State Memorial]
    Sites by Name: Seip Mound * Serpent Mound * Shrum Mound/Campbell Park
    Story Mound * Wright Earthworks * Octagon Earthworks
    Miamisburg Mound * Leo Petroglyph * Inscription Rock

• Serpent Mound Mysteries "Unravel the secrets of the Great Serpent Mound and associated ancient sites in Ohio and the eastern United States. Learn of their sacred geometry, system of measure, astronomical alignments, ley lines, and the prehistoric spiritual wisdom that they demonstrate."

• Ohio's East Fork or "Hanukkiah" Earthworks "The ancient Ohio earthworks depicted above once lay along waters of the East Fork of the Little Miami River, about 20 miles above its mouth near Milford, and about 25-30 miles east of Cincinnati. The base and left side walls were each 2000 feet long. They have long since been plowed level, and their orientation and exact location are unknown."
  • The Newark Earthworks

• The Alligator Mound Vanishing Heritage, Planning for the Future of Ohio's Past "The Alligator Mound is located on a prominent point at the southern extension of a long glaciated ridge in Licking County. For years it laid relatively isolated and almost forgotten. Although only a mile from the center of the Village of Granville few individuals knew of the mound's exact location."

• Mound City Group, Chillicothe, Ohio "These earthworks are just a few of the hundreds of mounds that can be found scattered across the entire eastern half of the U.S., even after plowing and construction have leveled countless others."

**TENNESSEE SITES

• North Carolina Historic Sites 'Preserving the Past for All People' "North Carolina Historic Sites, a program of 23 state historic sites, invites you to see our state as it was—to open doors of the past. Whether you are a resident of North Carolina, or just planning a visit, we have sites of interest to people of all ages."
  • Town Creek Indian Mound

• History of Citico Mound Courtesy Tennessee-American Water Company, based in Chattanooga, Tennessee.

• Tennessee National Parks and Related Links
• TDEC: Tennessee State Parks: Historic Parks "Tennessee State Parks Historic Parks From prehistoric Woodland Indians almost 2,000 years ago at Old Stone Fort and Pinson Mounds; to one of the earliest British fortifications on the western frontier at Fort Loudoun; to the establishment of the first permanent American settlement outside the original 13 colonies at Sycamore Shoals; to Civil War battle sites at Fort Pillow and Johnsonville;..."
  • Chickasaw State Park "Chickasaw State Park is situated on some of the highest terrain in West Tennessee. This 14,400-acre park and forest was once part of a vast area belonging to the Chickasaw Nation prior to the Jackson Purchase of 1818." Henderson, Tennessee
  • Old Stone Fort State Archaeological Park "The Old Stone Fort Archaeological Park is one of two sites interpreting prehistoric American Indian culture and mound building in the Tennessee State Park system. What is called the "Old Stone Fort" is a Woodland or first mound building period mound site begun 2,000 years ago." Manchester, Tennessee
  • Red Clay State Historical Park "The events that made Red Clay famous happened between 1832 and 1838. Red Clay served as the seat of Cherokee government from 1832 until the forced removal of the Cherokee in 1838." Cleveland, Tennessee
    • Annual Cherokee Days of Recognition
      Held Annually the First week-end in August.
      Red Clay State Historic Park Cleveland, TN
  • Pinson Mounds State Archaeological Area "The Pinson Mounds site consists of at least 12 mounds, an earthen geometric enclosure, and habitation areas, that cover approximately 400 acres. This site was built during what archaeologists term the Middle Woodland period, which ranges from about 200 BC to 500 AD." The annual Archeofest Event, a celebration of Native American culture and archaeology, was held at Pinson Mounds State Archaeological Area in September. Pinson, Tennessee

• Pinson Mounds State Park "Woodland Period Indians 2000 years ago. The site consists of at least 13 prehistoric Indian mounds, a large geometric embankment, and associated habitation areas. These and other mounds throughout North America were constructed by the ancestors of modern American Indians."

• Mound Builders "While the Europeans were experiencing the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, Native Americans who lived along the Mississippi River and its tributaries were developing their own unique culture."
  • Toltec Mounds ~ Chucalissa Mounds ~ Pinson Mounds

• Nile of the New World - Lower Mississippi Valley "Broadly defined, the Delta region spans the entire lower portion of the river beginning in southern Illinois, covering portions of Missouri, Kentucky, and Tennessee, and including all of Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana."
  • Monumental American Indian Architecture "Lower Mississippi Delta Monumental American Indian Architecture: Four thousand years ago as ancient Egyptians were erecting pyramids, American Indians in the Lower Mississippi Valley began establishing communities with large, elaborate earthen architecture."

**TEXAS SITES

• Caddoan Mounds State Historic Site ~ Alto Texas "Caddoan Mounds State Historic Site, a 93.8-acre park in Cherokee County west of Nacogdoches, was acquired in February, 1975 from Walter E. Gundermann, Jr. Development of facilities was completed and the park opened to the public in June 1982. It was the home of Mound Builders of Caddoan origin who lived in the region for 500 years beginning about A.D. 800."

**WEST VIRGINIA SITES

• The Adena Mounds Grave Creek Mound State Park, Moundsville, West Virginia "About 1000 B.C. we can mark the beginning of a new period for man in North America. This period, which lasted until about 700 A.D., is called the Woodland Period. It is during this time that a new culture emerged and made significant settlements in what is now known as West Virginia."

**WYOMING SITES

• Devils Tower National Monument Devils Tower, Wyoming
  "President Theodore Roosevelt established Devils Tower National Monument on September 24, 1906. The spectacular rock formation known as Devils Tower and the surrounding countryside, home to a myriad of plant and animal life, attract visitors from around the world."
  • Devils Tower Geology ~ Study the Tower
  • First Climb ~ First 50 Years ~ Sacred Place ~ First Stories
  • The Resources ~ Birds ~ Wildflowers~ Wildlife ~ Prairie Dogs

**CANADA SITES

• Ontario Parks "Welcome to the Ontario Parks website where you can electronically explore one of the best park systems in the world. You can plan your next outdoors vacation, take virtual park tours, study a map of Algonquin canoe routes and much more."
  • Explore Heritage Values.
  • Petroglyphs "A sacred place where holy spirits speak"

**MEXICO SITES

• Welcome to the Teotihuacan Home Page "We have created this site to offer the general public and experts around the world different kinds of information about this ancient city."
  • The Avenue of the Dead "...was the main street of Teotihuacan."
    The Moon Pyramid * The Sun Pyramid * The Ciudadela
  • Feathered Serpent Pyramid

**RELATED NEWS & INFORMATION

• New Parks North "This annual newsletter provides brief status reports on projects concerning the establishment and development of new parks, related heritage areas and other conservation initiatives in northern Canada. Aboriginal land claims remain a key factor in the establishment of parks and other protected areas."

• Archaeology "An Official Publication of
  the Archaeological Institute of America."
  • Redating Serpent Mound "New radiocarbon dates suggest
    that Serpent Mound, a one-quarter-mile-long earthen
    effigy of a snake in south-central Ohio, was built
    as many as 2,000 years later than previously thought."
    By the Archaeological Institute of America
    News Briefs Volume 49 Number 6 November/December 1996

• National Parks Magazine ~*~ Just For Fun!
  "Since 1942, National Parks, the award-winning magazine
  of NPCA, has examined critical national park issues and
  explored our wondrous National Park System with its
  captivating articles and spectacular photography."

• Detroit News ~ Detroit, Michigan
  • ARTICLE: Michigan's mysterious Indian mounds
    "As Europeans settled Michigan they crowded out the native Indian
    populations, destroying ancient burial sites and raiding them for
    treasures and artifacts. They were particularly fascinated by the
    burial mounds scattered throughout the state."
    By Vivian M. Baulch The Detroit News (Rearview Mirror)

• Star Tribune ~ Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota
  • ARTICLE: Ancient mounds are all around us
    Catherine Watson Star Tribune (Published Sunday, April 19, 1998)
  • ARTICLE: Where to see historic Indian mounds
    "Chances are, you've already seen mounds, even if you didn't know it."
    Catherine Watson Star Tribune (Published Sunday, April 19, 1998)
  • ARTICLE: If you go: Ohio's Mound country Catherine Watson
    Star Tribune (Published Sunday, April 19, 1998)

• Mounds Of The Sourtheast "Cherokee Saying:
  'If you are not ignorant then there is no excuse.'
  Of Southeastern Native American Mounds and Burials"

**(NARGPA) NATIVE AMERICAN REPATRIATION & GRAVES PROTECTION

• National NAGPRA "National NAGPRA assists the Secretary of the Interior with some of the Secretary's responsibilities under the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, and focuses on NAGPRA implementation outside of the National Park System. National NAGPRA is a program of the National Park Service's National Center for Cultural Resources."
  • National NAGPRA Database "Documents related to the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act are organized in the five categories. The dates following a document indicates its publication date. The date following a directory (shown in capital letters) indicates when the last item in the list was last updated. Two directories under the Notice category contain numerous documents. A search engine is now available in each Notice directory to facilitate finding a document by specific tribe, museum, or other keyword."
  • Native American Consultation Database "NACD is a tool for identifying consultation contacts for each Indian tribe, Alaska Native corporation, and Native Hawaiian organization. The database is not a comprehensive source of information, but it does provide a starting point for the consultation process by identifying tribal leaders and NAGPRA contacts."
  • NAGPRA Tribal Contact List Updated November 15, 1994
    NAGPRA Guidance: "List of Tribal, Native Alaskan Entity,
    and Native Hawaiian Organization Contacts (Memorandum)."

• Indian Burial And Sacred Grounds Watch "The Indian Burial and Sacred Grounds Watch web site exists as a tool for purveying and disseminating news on relevant issues which may appear on the internet and email lists. Its purpose is not to duplicate the efforts of others but hopefully to assist in the directing of individuals to items of interest." Get involved, subscribe to the Indian Burial Grounds Action Group e-mail list "dedicated to issues relevant to Indian Burial Grounds and their Protection."
  For more information contact, Juli Kearns.

• Archnet ~ Archaeological Resource Institute
  "Internet resources related to cultural resource
  management and historic preservation."
  • NAGPRA "Native American Grave Protection and Repatriation Act (1990)"

• Seeking Sites Afar ~ Point Of Reference
  'Featuring Archaeology And History'
  • NAGPRA "Issues, information, laws and bibliographies for archaeologists, anthropologists, and all Native Americans including Native Alaskans and Native Hawaiians."

• Tennessee Archaeology Net 'The Central Information Source for Tennessee Archaeology' "Maintained as a public service by Dr. Kevin Smith, Assistant Professor of Anthropology, Box 10, Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132."
  • Mound Bottom: A Tennessee Treasure
  • Tennessee Archaeology in the News

• American Indian Ritual Object Repatriation Foundation 'An Intercultural Partnership' "We are a non-federally funded intercultural partnership committed to assisting in the return of sacred ceremonial material to the appropriate American Indian Nation, clan, or family, and to educating the public about the importance of repatriation."

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